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Related Concept Videos

Antimicrobial Effectiveness01:28

Antimicrobial Effectiveness

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The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...
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Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism01:27

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Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
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A urine culture and sensitivity test is a diagnostic procedure used to identify urinary tract bacterial infections and determine the most effective antibiotics for treatment. This test is generally preferred when a patient shows manifestations of a urinary tract infection, such as frequent or painful urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, or lower abdominal pain.Purpose of the TestThe primary goals of a urine culture and sensitivity test are to:Determine the specific bacteria causing the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 8, 2025

Antimicrobial Synergy Testing by the Inkjet Printer-assisted Automated Checkerboard Array and the Manual Time-kill Method
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CombiANT: Antibiotic interaction testing made easy.

Nikos Fatsis-Kavalopoulos1, Roderich Roemhild1, Po-Cheng Tang1,2

  • 1Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

Plos Biology
|September 17, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antibiotic synergy varies greatly between bacterial strains. A new method, CombiANT, rapidly quantifies drug interactions for personalized combination therapy, improving treatment of resistant infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Antibiotic combination therapies are crucial for treating complex infections, especially those caused by resistant pathogens.
  • Current strategies often assume conserved drug synergies across bacterial strains, which is increasingly disproven by variable drug-strain interactions.
  • This unpredictability necessitates precise, individualized methods for assessing antibiotic synergy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate CombiANT, a novel methodology for rapid, case-by-case quantification of antibiotic synergy.
  • To enable improved and personalized combination therapy strategies for infectious diseases.
  • To facilitate large-scale screening of antibiotic combinations.

Main Methods:

  • CombiANT utilizes a 3D-printed agar plate insert to create defined diffusion landscapes for three antibiotics simultaneously.
  • This allows for the quantification of synergy between all antibiotic pairs within a single assay.
  • Automated image analysis determines fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICis) with high accuracy and precision.

Main Results:

  • Technical validation against the checkerboard method using *Escherichia coli*, *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*, and *Staphylococcus aureus* demonstrated equivalent performance.
  • CombiANT significantly reduces assay complexity and costs compared to traditional methods.
  • Synergy screening of 10 combinations against 12 *E. coli* clinical isolates revealed isolate-specific synergistic and antagonistic interactions, highlighting the need for tailored approaches.

Conclusions:

  • The CombiANT methodology offers a rapid, cost-effective, and accurate approach to quantifying antibiotic synergy.
  • It supports personalized clinical synergy testing and large-scale screening, addressing the variability of drug interactions.
  • CombiANT is poised to significantly advance both clinical and basic research in antibiotic synergy and combination therapy.