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Foot Torture (Falanga): Ten Victims with Chronic Plantar Hyperpigmentation
George F Longstreth1, Lydia Grypma1, Brittney A Willis1
1Survivors of Torture, International. San Diego, Calif.
The American Journal of Medicine
|September 17, 2020
Summary
Falanga torture victims consistently show plantar hyperpigmentation, a chronic skin mark detectable months to years after abuse. This finding aids asylum claims and medical care for survivors.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Forensic Medicine
- Human Rights
Background:
- Falanga is a prevalent form of torture.
- Chronic skin changes resulting from falanga are not well-documented.
- Understanding these sequelae is crucial for victim identification and care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To prospectively document the chronic skin sequelae of falanga on physical examination.
- To identify characteristic physical findings in falanga victims.
Main Methods:
- Prospective documentation of examination findings in 10 consecutive falanga victims.
- Detailed recording of skin lesions, pigmentation, and tenderness on the soles.
Main Results:
- All 10 victims exhibited 3 to over 50 pigmented macules (≥0.5 cm) on both soles.
- Plantar hyperpigmentation was present in all cases, 9 months to 10 years post-trauma.
- Two cases reported plantar tenderness.
Conclusions:
- Plantar hyperpigmentation is a persistent physical sign following falanga.
- This dermatological finding can support legal claims for political asylum.
- Recognition of these signs assists physicians in the care of torture survivors.
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