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Diagnosis of Hirschsprung's Disease by Immunostaining Rectal Suction Biopsies for Calretinin, S100 Protein and Protein Gene Product 9.5
Published on: April 26, 2019
Hirschsprung Disease - Clinical Relevance of RET Mutations
Julia Katharina Wenskus1, Deirdre Vincent1, Maja Hempel1
1Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Abstract:
Introduction To date, several genes involved in the pathogenesis of HD have been recognized. Out of these, the RET gene (chromosomal locus 10q11), one of the first genes identified in combination with HD, is still considered the basis for HD development. However, even with over a hundred RET gen coding sequence mutations identified, the mutations do not fully explain the observed sex bias of HD and the elevated risk of developing HD among siblings. Thus, our aim was to evaluate the clinical relevance of an as yet undescribed genotype in a family with HD to improve genetic counseling for families with RET mutation-associated HD.Patients This case report provides an overview of a family with a history of HD with a novel, unreported autosomal dominant RET mutation.Results/Summary The family examined in this study clearly demonstrates that (1) the genotype to phenotype correlation of patients with RET mutation-associated HD is not directly related, and (2) genetic mechanisms underlying the different HD phenotypes, as well as the model of inheritance of HD, are complex and not yet fully understood. As such, a multifactorial genesis of HD appears more likely and should be the center of genetic counseling for concerned families. Having identified another RET mutation with a possible correlation of severity of HD and gender will aid in filling the gaps of the incomplete picture of the pathogenesis of HD.Beim Morbus Hirschsprung handelt es sich um eine angeborene Aganglionose des Darms mit multifaktorieller Vererbung. Das RET-Protoonkogen (chromosomaler Locus 10q11), eines der ersten Gene, die in Kombination mit Morbus Hirschsprung identifiziert wurden, spielt dabei eine zentrale Rolle. Es wurden bereits über hundert Mutationen der RET-Gen-Codierungssequenz beschrieben. Vollständig verstanden ist jedoch weder das Wiederholungsrisiko noch die geschlechtsspezifische Ausprägung des Phänotyps. Vorgestellt wird eine Familie mit einer familiären Form eines Morbus Hirschsprung. Alle betroffenen Familienmitglieder weisen eine heterozygote Deletion c.1384_1410del (p.Ser462_THr470del) einer bisher in der Literatur noch nicht beschriebenen autosomal dominanten RET-Mutation auf. Die männlichen Betroffenen zeigen phänotypisch einen langstreckigen Morbus Hirschsprung, wohingegen bei den weiblichen betroffenen Familienmitgliedern lediglich das Rektosigmoid von der Aganglionose betroffen ist. Die untersuchte Familie ist ein erneuter Beweis für (1) die geringe Genotyp-Phänotyp-Korrelation von Patienten mit RET-assoziiertem Morbus Hirschsprung und (2) die komplexen genetischen Mechanismen, die dem Ausprägungsgrad von Morbus Hirschsprung zugrunde liegen.
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