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Short-distance transport refers to transport that occurs over a distance of just 2-3 cells, crossing the plasma membrane in the process. Small uncharged molecules, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water, can diffuse across the plasma membrane on their own. In contrast, ions and larger molecules require the assistance of transport proteins due to their charge or size. Transport across membranes also occurs within individual cells, playing a variety of essential roles for the plant as a whole.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 8, 2025

Combining Fluidic Devices with Microscopy and Flow Cytometry to Study Microbial Transport in Porous Media Across Spatial Scales
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Random-walk model of cotransport.

Yan B Barreto1, Béla Suki2, Adriano M Alencar1

  • 1Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-090 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Physical Review. E
|September 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a statistical mechanical model for cotransport systems, accurately predicting transport dynamics and confirming leakage compatibility with equilibrium conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Statistical mechanics
  • Physical chemistry
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Cotransport systems are crucial for biological processes.
  • Understanding their dynamics is essential for biological and medical research.
  • Existing models may not fully capture complex transport mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel statistical mechanical model for cotransport system dynamics.
  • To incorporate leak pathways and analyze their thermodynamic compatibility.
  • To validate the model against established thermodynamic principles and literature data.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the alternating access mechanism as a basis for a six-state model.
  • Defined 14 transition probabilities, including a leak pathway.
  • Formulated Master Equations to describe system time evolution.

Main Results:

  • The model's asymptotic behavior aligns with thermodynamic predictions.
  • Demonstrated compatibility of leakage with static head equilibrium.
  • Successfully reproduced known cotransport dynamics from scientific literature.

Conclusions:

  • The developed model accurately captures the essential physics of cotransport.
  • Leak pathways are thermodynamically consistent within this framework.
  • The model serves as a valuable tool for analyzing cotransport systems.