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Experimental Investigation of the Hierarchical Control in DC Microgrids Using a Real-time Simulator

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Control of synchronization in two-layer power grids.

Carl H Totz¹, Simona Olmi^2,3, Eckehard Schöll¹

¹Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany.

Physical Review. E

|September 18, 2020

Summary

This study models power grids as a two-layer network, using a communication layer to control generator frequency synchronization. A fully connected communication network effectively stabilizes power grids against severe perturbations.

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Area of Science:

Complex Systems
Network Science
Electrical Engineering

Background:

Power grid stability is crucial for reliable electricity supply.
Traditional power grids face challenges with increasing complexity and renewable energy integration.
Effective control mechanisms are needed to maintain grid frequency synchronization.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a novel two-layer network model for power grid dynamics.
To investigate the role of a communication network in controlling power grid frequency.
To evaluate the proposed model's effectiveness under various perturbation scenarios.

Main Methods:

Modeling power grid dynamics using the Kuramoto model with inertia.
Designing a two-layer network with a controllable communication layer.
Simulating diverse perturbation scenarios (generator disconnection, demand changes, stochastic output).

Main Results:

The two-layer network model effectively enhances frequency synchronization in power grids.
A communication topology enabling information exchange among all generators proved highly efficient.
The proposed control scheme demonstrated robustness against strong and realistic perturbations.

Conclusions:

A two-layer network approach offers a promising framework for power grid control.
Decentralized control strategies within the communication layer can significantly improve grid stability.
The model provides a scalable and adaptable solution for modern power grid management.