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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Diffusion01:12

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

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Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
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Poisson's And Laplace's Equation01:25

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The electric potential of the system can be calculated by relating it to the electric charge densities that give rise to the electric potential. The differential form of Gauss's law expresses the electric field's divergence in terms of the electric charge density.
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Force and Potential Energy in One Dimension01:13

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Force can be calculated from the expression for potential energy, which is a function of position. The component of a conservative force, in a particular direction, equals the negative of the derivative of the corresponding potential energy with respect to the displacement in that direction. For regions where potential energy changes rapidly with displacement, the work done and force is maximum. Also, when force is applied along the positive coordinate axis, the potential energy decreases with...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 8, 2025

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

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Effective diffusion in one-dimensional rough potential-energy landscapes.

Thomas H Gray1,2, Ee Hou Yong3

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, West Cambridge Site, Philippa Fawcett Drive, University of Cambridge, CB3 0AS, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

Physical Review. E
|September 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Zwanzig

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Area of Science:

  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • Diffusion in complex energy landscapes is crucial for understanding molecular processes.
  • Existing models like Zwanzig's proposal have limitations in accurately describing rough, confining systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To refine Zwanzig's proposal for diffusion in one-dimensional rough energy landscapes.
  • To develop efficient simulation methods for such systems.
  • To analyze the mean first-passage time and scale separation assumptions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Zwanzig's proposal and the Smoluchowski equation.
  • Performed Brownian dynamics simulations.
  • Developed a coarse-grained Langevin dynamics simulation scheme.
  • Investigated random roughness and polynomial/cosine backgrounds.

Main Results:

  • Zwanzig's conjecture is accurate only for small roughness.
  • A corrected framework shows good agreement with numerical simulations.
  • The new simulation scheme significantly reduces computation time.
  • The validity of scale separation was assessed for various roughness types.

Conclusions:

  • The corrected framework provides a more accurate model for diffusion in rough landscapes.
  • The developed simulation method offers computational efficiency.
  • Findings are relevant for hierarchical energy landscapes, including protein folding and transport in disordered media.