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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

617
The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement01:27

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement

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Body:After oral administration, poor permeability often limits the rate at which drugs are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Enhancing drug permeability is crucial for effective therapy, and several strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge.One effective strategy involves the use of lipid-based formulations. These formulations enhance dissolution and solubility, targeting physiological mechanisms to increase drug absorption. This includes stimulating bile salt...
107
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Solubility Enhancement01:16

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Solubility Enhancement

123
Body:Bioavailability is a critical factor in determining a drug's effectiveness. It refers to the proportion of a drug that enters the circulation when introduced into the body and is, as a result, able to have an active effect. Enhancing bioavailability is essential for drugs with poor solubility, as it can significantly impact their therapeutic efficacy. Various methods are employed to increase the solubility of drugs, thereby enhancing their bioavailability.Micronization and nanonization are...
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Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

1.3K
The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
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Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 8, 2025

Self-Nanoemulsification of Healthy Oils to Enhance the Solubility of Lipophilic Drugs
08:18

Self-Nanoemulsification of Healthy Oils to Enhance the Solubility of Lipophilic Drugs

Published on: July 27, 2022

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Modeling drug delivery from multiple emulsions.

G Pontrelli1, E J Carr2, A Tiribocchi1,3

  • 1Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo, CNR, Via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy.

Physical Review. E
|September 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study models drug release from multilayer droplets, finding that elongated droplet shapes accelerate drug diffusion. This research offers insights into optimizing drug delivery systems for faster therapeutic effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacokinetics and Drug Delivery
  • Computational Fluid Dynamics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Understanding drug release kinetics from complex delivery systems is crucial for therapeutic efficacy.
  • Multiple emulsions offer potential for controlled drug release, but their release dynamics require detailed modeling.
  • Droplet geometry can significantly influence mass transfer processes in emulsions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a mechanistic model for drug release from multilayer droplets.
  • To investigate the impact of droplet shape on drug diffusion and release rates.
  • To analyze the role of inter-layer mass transfer and surface resistance in drug release.

Main Methods:

  • A two-dimensional mechanistic model based on diffusion equations was developed.
  • Finite volume discretization was employed for numerical solution of the coupled diffusion problem.
  • Analysis included various droplet shapes (circle, ellipse, bullet) and surface mass transfer coefficients.

Main Results:

  • Drug release kinetics were successfully modeled, considering diffusive transport through liquid shells.
  • Continuity of drug concentration and flux at inter-layers was enforced.
  • Increased droplet elongation was found to significantly reduce drug release time.

Conclusions:

  • The study demonstrates that droplet geometry is a key parameter in controlling drug release rates.
  • Elongated droplet shapes can enhance the efficiency of drug delivery systems.
  • The developed model provides a valuable tool for designing and optimizing multilayer emulsion-based drug delivery.