The biology of melanoma metastasis

The process of cancer metastasis is sequential and selective and contains stochastic elements. The growth of melanoma metastases represents the endpoint of many lethal events that few tumor cells can survive. Primary tumors consist of multiple subpopulations of cells with heterogeneous metastatic properties, and the outcome of metastasis depends on the interplay of metastatic tumor cells with various host factors. This viewpoint is more optimistic than that of metastasis as a random process. A selective biological process is regulated by the interaction of tumor cells with their host, and these complex interactions can now be studied and manipulated.