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Published on: August 12, 2021
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Value and Validity of Coronavirus Antibody Testing
Amit Mahajan1, Laxmaiah Manchikanti2
1Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
Pain Physician
|September 18, 2020
Summary
Coronavirus antibody tests detect immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) to identify past or recent SARS-CoV-2 infection. While promising, these tests present both benefits and risks during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Immunology
- Public Health
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted elective procedures and patient visits.
- Healthcare providers and patients remain concerned about safety in high-risk environments.
- Misinformation regarding SARS-CoV-2 testing is widespread, necessitating clear information on antibody testing.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the value and validity of coronavirus antibody testing.
- To clarify the role of antibody testing in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
- To address the infodemic surrounding molecular, antigen, and antibody testing.
Main Methods:
- A literature review was conducted.
- The review focused on available studies and data regarding coronavirus antibody tests.
- A narrative review approach was employed due to limited literature.
Main Results:
- Antibody tests detect immunoglobulins (IgM and IgG) produced in response to SARS-CoV-2.
- IgM antibodies may indicate recent infection, while IgG antibodies suggest past infection.
- Pooled accuracy for combination IgG/IgM tests was 91.4% (95% CI, 87.0 - 96.6) 15-21 days post-symptom onset.
Conclusions:
- Antibody tests can identify potential exposure to SARS-CoV-2.
- The persistence of IgG antibodies and immunity post-COVID-19 requires further investigation.
- Available antibody tests offer both promise and peril in managing the COVID-19 pandemic.
