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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

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Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
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Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
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Stages of Infection01:26

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Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Postsynaptic potential (PSP) refers to a change in the electrical potential of a neuron when neurotransmitters released by presynaptic neurons bind to postsynaptic receptors. This potential can either be excitatory, leading to depolarization and ultimately action potential generation, or inhibitory, leading to hyperpolarization and suppression of the postsynaptic neuron.
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Updated: Dec 8, 2025

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses
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Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses

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Post-infectious neurological disorders.

Kyle M Blackburn1, Cynthia Wang2

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.

Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders
|September 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Infections can trigger autoimmune diseases by disrupting immune tolerance. This review explores pathogen-induced autoimmunity, focusing on post-infectious autoimmune neurological disorders and their management.

Keywords:
Acute Disseminated EncephalomyelitisAutoimmune EncephalitisGuillain-Barre syndromeNeuroimmunology

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Environmental factors, particularly infectious pathogens, can break immune tolerance in susceptible individuals.
  • A strong association exists between specific infections and certain autoimmune disorders.
  • Post-infectious mechanisms are implicated in the development of several autoimmune neurological disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review proposed mechanisms of pathogen-induced autoimmunity.
  • To highlight clinical presentations and treatments for post-infectious autoimmune neurological disorders.
  • To discuss post-infectious neurological disorders in the context of recent outbreaks.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of proposed mechanisms.
  • Clinical case study analysis.
  • Epidemiological data review related to outbreaks.

Main Results:

  • Infectious pathogens are key environmental triggers for autoimmunity.
  • Specific infections are linked to distinct autoimmune conditions.
  • Post-infectious autoimmune neurological disorders present unique clinical challenges.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding pathogen-induced autoimmunity is crucial for managing autoimmune diseases.
  • Prompt diagnosis and targeted treatment are essential for post-infectious autoimmune neurological disorders.
  • Ongoing research is needed to elucidate mechanisms and improve patient outcomes.