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Applying a Three-dimensional Uniaxial Mechanical Stimulation Bioreactor System to Induce Tenogenic Differentiation of Tendon-Derived Stem Cells
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A universal multi-platform 3D printed bioreactor chamber for tendon tissue engineering.

Adam J Janvier1, Elizabeth Canty-Laird1, James R Henstock1

  • 1Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.

Journal of Tissue Engineering
|September 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A 3D-printed bioreactor chamber enhances comparability for in vitro tensile force studies. This universal design promotes consistent therapeutic testing and tenogenic differentiation in engineered tendons.

Keywords:
3D printingBioreactorMSChydrogeltendon

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Bioreactor Design

Background:

  • Existing bioreactors applying tensile forces in vitro have varied culture environments, limiting study comparability.
  • 3D printing offers a solution for creating standardized bioreactor chambers compatible with various linear actuator platforms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and validate a 3D-printable, universal bioreactor chamber for consistent in vitro tensile force application.
  • To assess the biocompatibility and functionality of the 3D-printed bioreactor for tissue engineering applications.

Main Methods:

  • A six-well bioreactor chamber was 3D printed using polylactic acid and coated for biocompatibility (XTC-3D, PDMS).
  • Human mesenchymal stem cells in fibrin hydrogel were cultured and subjected to cyclic strain (5% at 0.5 Hz for 5 h/day over 21 days).
  • Material cytotoxicity was assessed via lactate dehydrogenase assay; tenogenic differentiation was evaluated by collagen expression and matrix calcification.

Main Results:

  • The 3D-printed bioreactor materials were non-cytotoxic, waterproof, sterilizable, and reusable.
  • Cyclic strain promoted collagen-Iα1 production and reduced collagen-IIIα1 in engineered tendons.
  • Unstretched controls showed matrix calcification, indicative of abnormal differentiation, while strained tissues exhibited a tenogenic phenotype.

Conclusions:

  • The 3D-printed universal bioreactor chamber provides a cost-effective and reproducible method for standardized in vitro tensile testing.
  • This adaptable design facilitates consistent research across different bioreactor platforms, improving comparability of therapeutic testing results.
  • The bioreactor successfully promoted tenogenic differentiation in engineered human mesenchymal stem cells, demonstrating its utility in tissue engineering.