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Related Concept Videos

Inborn Errors of Metabolism01:20

Inborn Errors of Metabolism

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Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a protein metabolism disorder characterized by high blood levels of the amino acid phenylalanine. This results from a mutation in the gene responsible for phenylalanine hydroxylase, an enzyme that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine. When this enzyme is deficient, phenylalanine builds up in the blood, leading to symptoms such as vomiting, rashes, seizures, growth deficiency, and severe mental retardation. An early diagnosis and a diet restricting phenylalanine intake...
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
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Nondisjunction01:29

Nondisjunction

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During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
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Incomplete Dominance01:43

Incomplete Dominance

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Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 8, 2025

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification
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Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification

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A Case of Polymetatarsia Without Polydactyly.

Steven R Edwards1,2

  • 1Surgery, Australasian College of Podiatric Surgeons, Melbourne, AUS.

Cureus
|September 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Polymetatarsia, an extra metatarsal bone, can cause pain. Surgical removal of these additional metatarsals offers effective pain relief for symptomatic individuals.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Medical Genetics

Background:

  • Polymetatarsia is a rare congenital anomaly involving extra metatarsal bones.
  • It is often associated with polydactyly, but isolated cases occur.
  • This condition can lead to functional impairment and pain.

Observation:

  • A 34-year-old male presented with bilateral polymetatarsia in the first intermetatarsal spaces without polydactyly.
  • Clinical examination revealed dorsal spur formation and pain due to ankylosed extra metatarsals.
  • The patient also had hallux valgus deformities and bilateral second brachymetatarsia.

Findings:

  • Surgical resection of the additional metatarsals was performed.
  • Concomitant correction of hallux valgus and brachymetatarsia was also undertaken.
  • Postoperative follow-up at six weeks showed sustained reduction in pain and pressure.
Keywords:
anatomic variantfoot surgery techniquesmetatarsalpolydactylypolymetatarsia

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Implications:

  • Surgical intervention, specifically the resection of additional metatarsals, can effectively alleviate pain in polymetatarsia.
  • This case highlights a rare variant of polymetatarsia and its successful management.
  • Further research into the genetic and developmental aspects of isolated polymetatarsia is warranted.