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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
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Target Cell Response to Hormones01:22

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Hormones intricately bind to receptors on the surface or within target cells, initiating a cascade of cellular responses.
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Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

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Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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Updated: Dec 8, 2025

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer
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Higher thyroid hormone levels and cancer.

Petra Petranović Ovčariček1,2, Frederik A Verburg3,4, Martha Hoffmann3,5

  • 1EANM Thyroid Committee, Vienna, Austria. p.petranovic@gmail.com.

European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
|September 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hyperthyroidism and elevated thyroid hormone (TH) levels are linked to increased cancer risk and poorer prognosis. Prompt treatment, especially radioiodine therapy, is crucial for managing hyperthyroidism in cancer patients.

Keywords:
CancerRadioiodine therapyThyroid hormonesThyrotropinThyroxinTriiodothyronine

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Nuclear Medicine

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones (THs), including triiodothyronine and thyroxin, may promote tumor growth, proliferation, and progression.
  • Population and case-control studies indicate a potential association between hyperthyroidism and an increased risk of various malignancies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the relationship between hyperthyroidism, upper-normal thyroid hormone levels, and cancer.
  • To discuss the clinical management of hyperthyroidism in cancer patients, including the role of nuclear medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search of PubMed and Google Scholar (2000-2020).
  • Review of in vitro, in vivo, and population-based studies on thyroid hormones and cancer.
  • Analysis of studies investigating hyperthyroidism, TH levels, and cancer risk/prognosis.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests a link between clinical and subclinical hyperthyroidism and an increased risk of several cancer types.
  • Hyperthyroidism is associated with a poorer cancer prognosis.
  • Studies indicate THs can mediate tumor growth, proliferation, and progression.

Conclusions:

  • Establishing euthyroidism is critical for cancer patients with hyperthyroidism.
  • Radioiodine therapy (I-131) is often the preferred treatment for hyperthyroidism in cancer patients.
  • Effective management of hyperthyroidism may reduce adverse effects on cancer occurrence and progression.