Effect of cytokines on specific in vitro immunization of human peripheral B lymphocytes against T-cell dependent antigens

The requirements for a primary, antigen-specific in vitro immunization of human peripheral lymphocytes using haemocyanin, a T-cell dependent antigen, have been studied. In order to obtain a specific response in vitro the peripheral lymphocytes had to be separated into B, T, accessory (A) and dendritic (D) cells. These cells were activated and reconstituted to give a population with a B:T ratio of 1:2. If the induction was supported by MHC-restricted, radioresistant T cells, this cell population could then be antigen-specifically activated using haemocyanin. The immunization had also to be supported by cytokines, such as B-cell growth and differentiation factors, interleukin-2 and gamma-interferon. A 5-day in vitro immunization using 2 micrograms haemocyanin/ml resulted in 200-300 cells secreting anti-haemocyanin-specific antibodies per 10(6) B cells.