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Related Concept Videos

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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Infection01:20

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
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Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets01:17

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
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A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 8, 2025

Swabbing the Urban Environment - A Pipeline for Sampling and Detection of SARS-CoV-2 From Environmental Reservoirs
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In-Flight Transmission of SARS-CoV-2.

Edward M Choi, Daniel K W Chu, Peter K C Cheng

    Emerging Infectious Diseases
    |September 18, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    Four travelers on a Boston to Hong Kong flight were infected with the same unique severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strain. This suggests SARS-CoV-2 transmission can occur during air travel.

    Keywords:
    2019 novel coronavirus diseaseCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2air travelaircraftcase reportscoronavirus diseasedisease transmissionepidemiologic studiesgenomeinfectiousrespiratory infectionssevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2viralviruseswhole-genome sequencingzoonoses

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    Area of Science:

    • Epidemiology
    • Virology
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged as a global health threat.
    • Understanding transmission routes is critical for controlling infectious disease spread.

    Observation:

    • Four individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 traveled on the same flight from Boston, USA, to Hong Kong.
    • These individuals' viral genetic sequences were identical and unique.

    Findings:

    • The identified SARS-CoV-2 clade was previously undetected in Hong Kong.
    • The genetic identity strongly indicates a single point of introduction.

    Implications:

    • Air travel may facilitate the international dissemination of novel SARS-CoV-2 strains.
    • This finding underscores the importance of international travel screening and quarantine measures.
    • Further research into in-flight transmission dynamics is warranted.