Emerging roles of absent in melanoma 2 in cardiovascular diseases
Zhan-Zhi Zhao1, Xi-Long Zheng2, Zhi-Sheng Jiang3
1Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N4N1, Canada.
Abstract:
Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) is a member of the PYHIN (pyrin and HIN domain-containing protein) family with important roles in sensing double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and assembling the AIM2 inflammasome, which has wide-ranging, pro-inflammatory and pro-pyroptotic properties. The AIM2 inflammasome can become activated in atherosclerotic plaque, abdominal aortic aneurysm wall and injured myocardium, and its activation is tightly regulated by a variety of atherogenic factors. Activation of the AIM2 inflammasome has close links to the progression of several cardiovascular diseases. This review will summarize the current knowledge of AIM2 biology, providing the latest insights into the mechanisms and contributions of atherogenic factors to AIM2 inflammasome activation. In addition, we will also explore crosstalk between AIM2 and the pathologies of atherosclerosis, abdominal aortic aneurysm, myocardial infarction and heart failure. A better understanding of the pathological roles of AIM2 in these disorders will be helpful in developing novel therapeutic approaches.
Insights
Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) senses DNA and activates inflammasomes, contributing to cardiovascular diseases like atherosclerosis and heart failure. Understanding AIM2
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cardiovascular Biology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) is a PYHIN protein crucial for sensing double-stranded DNA (dsDNA).
- AIM2 inflammasome activation is implicated in cardiovascular pathologies, including atherosclerosis and myocardial injury.
- Atherogenic factors regulate AIM2 inflammasome activation, linking it to cardiovascular disease progression.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review AIM2 biology and its role in cardiovascular diseases.
- To elucidate mechanisms of AIM2 inflammasome activation by atherogenic factors.
- To explore the interplay between AIM2 and cardiovascular pathologies like atherosclerosis, aneurysm, myocardial infarction, and heart failure.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of AIM2 inflammasome activation.
- Analysis of atherogenic factors influencing AIM2.
- Exploration of AIM2's pathological contributions in cardiovascular diseases.
Main Results:
- AIM2 inflammasome activation occurs in atherosclerotic plaques, aneurysms, and injured myocardium.
- Atherogenic factors modulate AIM2 inflammasome assembly and activity.
- AIM2 is linked to the progression of atherosclerosis, abdominal aortic aneurysm, myocardial infarction, and heart failure.
Conclusions:
- AIM2 plays a significant role in cardiovascular disease pathogenesis.
- Understanding AIM2 inflammasome activation mechanisms is crucial.
- Targeting AIM2 may offer novel therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular disorders.
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