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Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...
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The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
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Updated: Dec 8, 2025

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Predictors of mammographic microcalcifications.

Shadi Azam1, Mikael Eriksson1, Arvid Sjölander1

  • 1Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.

International Journal of Cancer
|September 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Established breast cancer risk factors like age, high mammographic density, and genetic predisposition are linked to microcalcification clusters. However, lifestyle factors such as higher body mass index appear protective against these clusters.

Keywords:
cohort studymammographic featuremammographic microcalcifications

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology and Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Microcalcification clusters on mammograms can be associated with breast cancer risk.
  • Understanding the link between established breast cancer risk factors and microcalcification clusters is crucial for risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between known breast cancer risk factors and the presence of microcalcification clusters.
  • To analyze reproductive and lifestyle factors in relation to microcalcification clusters.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study of 53,273 Swedish women (aged 30-80) with mammogram and risk factor data.
  • Microcalcification clusters quantified using Computer Aided Detection; mammographic density measured by STRATUS.
  • Polygenic risk score (PRS) for breast cancer calculated for 7,387 genotyped women.

Main Results:

  • Age, high mammographic density (>40 cm²), and high PRS (80-100th percentile) were associated with increased microcalcification clusters.
  • Longer breastfeeding duration (>1 year) was linked to more clusters, primarily in postmenopausal women.
  • Higher body mass index (≥30 kg/m²) was associated with a lower risk of microcalcification clusters, especially in premenopausal women.

Conclusions:

  • Age, mammographic density, genetic risk, parity, and breastfeeding duration are associated with increased microcalcification clusters.
  • Many lifestyle risk factors for breast cancer may reduce the risk of microcalcification clusters.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying microcalcification formation.