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Single-Cell Sequencing in Genitourinary Malignancies.

Neal Murphy1, Pratik Shah2, Andrew Shih3

  • 1Department of Medicine, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New Hyde Park, NY, USA. nmurphy2@northwell.edu.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|September 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Single-cell sequencing (SCS) reveals tumor complexity in genitourinary cancers. This technology enhances understanding of tumor heterogeneity, immune cells, and cancer stem cells for improved diagnostics and treatments.

Keywords:
Bladder cancerCancer stem cellsChemotherapy resistanceCirculating tumor cellsClonal evolutionNext generation sequencingProstate cancerRenal cell carcinomaSingle-cell sequencingTumor heterogeneityTumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Single-cell sequencing (SCS) is a transformative Next Generation Sequencing technology applied at the cellular level.
  • SCS has significantly advanced the understanding of tumor heterogeneity, the tumor microenvironment, immune infiltration, cancer stem cells (CSCs), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and clonal evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature on SCS applications in genitourinary (GU) malignancies.
  • To discuss future directions and translational potential of SCS in GU cancers.
  • To highlight SCS's role in understanding tumor biology and guiding precision medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature on single-cell sequencing in renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancer, and prostate cancer.
  • Analysis of SCS applications in characterizing tumor drivers, heterogeneity, stem cells, and treatment resistance.

Main Results:

  • SCS is crucial for characterizing tumorigenesis, intercellular mutations, and intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
  • SCS elucidates molecular drivers of bladder cancer stem cells (BCSCs), tumor evolution, and platinum resistance mechanisms.
  • SCS aids in identifying cellular origins of prostate cancer, understanding androgen dependence plasticity, and analyzing CTCs for chemotherapy resistance.

Conclusions:

  • SCS offers significant translational applications in GU malignancies for diagnostics, prognostics, and treatment strategies.
  • The capability of SCS to resolve ITH and define genomic landscapes is fundamental for precision medicine.
  • SCS is pivotal for advancing personalized cancer care through detailed molecular and cellular profiling.