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Related Concept Videos

Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

2.0K
Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and signal-to-noise ratio for the analyte. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.
Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called collision-induced...
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Mass Spectrometers01:16

Mass Spectrometers

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This lesson details the instrumentation of a mass spectrometer—a physical instrument to perform mass spectrometry on analyte molecules and record the characteristic mass spectra. This is achieved via three chief functions:
7.9K
Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview

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In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then...
1.5K
Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

1.2K
The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
1.2K
Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis01:21

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

1.4K
Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
GC–MS is a powerful hyphenated method commonly used in forensics and environmental...
1.4K
Mass Analyzers: Overview01:13

Mass Analyzers: Overview

1.4K
The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 8, 2025

In Situ SIMS and IR Spectroscopy of Well-defined Surfaces Prepared by Soft Landing of Mass-selected Ions
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IN SITU MASS SPECTROMETERS FOR APPLICATIONS IN SPACE.

Timothy Vazquez1, Sinduri Vuppala1, Ifeoluwa Ayodeji1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.

Mass Spectrometry Reviews
|September 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Mass spectrometry (MS) advances in situ chemical analysis for space exploration, enabling the detection of complex organic molecules and informing future astrobiology missions. This review highlights MS contributions over 20 years and anticipates future instrumentation developments.

Keywords:
fieldable mass spectrometryplanetary explorationspace mass spectrometry

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Area of Science:

  • Space Exploration
  • Planetary Science
  • Astrobiology

Background:

  • Mass spectrometry (MS) has been crucial for analyzing the chemical composition of the solar system.
  • Early space missions focused on inorganic/elemental analysis using native ions or harsh ionization.
  • Recent advancements enable molecular analyses, extended mass ranges, and high-resolution detection for complex chemistry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of in situ mass spectrometry in space exploration over the past 20 years.
  • To highlight the evolution of MS instrumentation for analyzing diverse extraterrestrial environments.
  • To discuss future trends and anticipated contributions of advanced MS to space missions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of scientific payloads and mission data from space exploration.
  • Review of historical and modern mass spectrometry techniques used in space.
  • Examination of instrumentation development for in situ chemical analysis.

Main Results:

  • MS has evolved from inorganic to complex molecular analysis, supporting astrobiology.
  • Missions like Cassini-Huygens, Rosetta, and Mars Science Laboratory showcase MS applications.
  • Instrumentation development on Earth now outpaces space-based systems, signaling future advancements.

Conclusions:

  • In situ mass spectrometry is vital for understanding solar system chemistry and the potential for life.
  • Future MS instrumentation will be essential for exploring diverse planetary environments and complex organic molecules.
  • Continued innovation in MS technology will drive future space exploration discoveries.