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Isolation, Culture, and Characterization of Dental Pulp Stem Cells from Human Deciduous and Permanent Teeth
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Dental Pulp Stem Cells: From Discovery to Clinical Application.

Bingdong Sui1, Di Wu2, Lei Xiang2

  • 1South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.

Journal of Endodontics
|September 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are crucial for orofacial tissue repair. Recent clinical studies show DPSC transplantation successfully regenerates dental pulp, offering a novel approach for treating pulp diseases.

Keywords:
Dental pulp stem cellsmicroenvironmentneurovascularpulp regenerationtissue homeostasis

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Orofacial Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Postnatal stem cells are vital for tissue homeostasis and regeneration.
  • Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), discovered in the early 2000s, are key players in orofacial tissue maintenance and repair.
  • DPSCs exhibit high clonogenicity, multidifferentiation potential, and neurovascular properties, with origins linked to neural crest cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the 20-year progress in dental pulp stem cell research, from discovery to clinical application.
  • To highlight the role of DPSCs in pulp homeostasis and injury repair.
  • To discuss future directions and challenges in DPSC-based regenerative therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of research findings on DPSCs.
  • Analysis of preclinical studies on DPSC transplantation strategies.
  • Examination of recent clinical advances in DPSC-based pulp regeneration.

Main Results:

  • DPSCs are niche-responsive progenitors regulated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors.
  • Preconditioned DPSCs and DPSC aggregates show significant promise in preclinical studies.
  • Clinical trials demonstrate successful regeneration of physiological pulp structure with neurovascularization via DPSC transplantation.

Conclusions:

  • DPSC transplantation represents a novel regenerative approach for treating pulp diseases.
  • The historical perspective of DPSC research provides a blueprint for stem cell research and organ regeneration.
  • Further research is needed to expand regenerative applications and evaluate in vivo DPSCs in disease and therapy.