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Spatial epidemiology: An empirical framework for syndemics research.

Shikhar Shrestha1, Cici X C Bauer2, Brian Hendricks3

  • 1Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, USA.

Social Science & Medicine (1982)
|September 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Spatial epidemiology offers a robust framework for analyzing syndemics, which are interacting epidemics. This approach uses geographic information systems (GIS) to map disease patterns and social factors, aiding in understanding complex public health issues.

Keywords:
Geographic information system (GIS)Spatial epidemiologySyndemics

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Spatial Analysis

Background:

  • Syndemics involve co-occurring epidemics interacting with social forces, increasing disease burden.
  • The syndemic framework, initially for substance abuse, violence, and AIDS, now applies to diverse public health issues.
  • Empirical analysis of syndemics is challenged by complex disease interactions and social contexts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose spatial epidemiology as an empirical framework for analyzing syndemics at the population level.
  • To demonstrate the application of geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial analytical methods in syndemics research.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing spatial epidemiology, which employs GIS and statistics to study spatial variations in disease.
  • Employing GIS for visualizing disease distributions, social factors, and environmental exposures.
  • Applying spatial and spatiotemporal models to analyze syndemics and associated factors in space and time.

Main Results:

  • Spatial epidemiology provides tools to visualize and statistically analyze disease distributions and risk environments.
  • GIS mapping aids in understanding the spatial relationships between disease outcomes and social/environmental factors.
  • Spatial and spatiotemporal models facilitate the analysis of syndemics within their complex social and environmental contexts.

Conclusions:

  • Spatial epidemiology offers a powerful empirical approach to understanding and analyzing syndemics.
  • GIS and spatial analytical methods are crucial for investigating the geographic dimensions of syndemics.
  • The proposed framework can enhance the analysis of various syndemics with available space-time data.