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Related Concept Videos

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

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Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
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In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models I01:13

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models I

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Compendial dissolution methods are standardized procedures defined by pharmacopeias to evaluate the rate at which a drug dissolves in a specific medium. These methods ensure batch-to-batch consistency, enable quality control, and support the prediction of drug bioavailability. They are critical for both immediate and modified-release drug products.The apparatuses used for dissolution testing differ in their design and mechanical function, but all aim to simulate the physiological environment of...
131
In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models II01:09

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models II

116
Various dissolution methods are utilized to assess a drug’s dissolution rate, including the flow-through cell, paddle-over-disk, cylinder, and reciprocating disk methods.The flow-through cell apparatus (USP (United States Pharmacopeia) method 4) comprises a reservoir for the dissolution medium and a pump that propels the medium through the cell containing the test sample. This method is crucial for assessing modified-release dosage forms with minimally soluble active ingredients,...
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In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Alternative Methods01:17

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Alternative Methods

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Alternative drug dissolution methods include the rotating bottle, intrinsic dissolution test, peristalsis, and the Franz diffusion cell method. The rotating bottle method involves meticulously rotating tightly capped controlled-release beads in a temperature-controlled bath. Periodic decanting of samples allows for residue assay, followed by refilling with fresh medium and testing at various pH levels to emulate the gastrointestinal tract conditions.In contrast, the intrinsic dissolution test...
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Drug Dissolution: Requirements and Profile Comparison01:14

Drug Dissolution: Requirements and Profile Comparison

142
The acceptance criteria for dissolution profile data are anchored in Q values, representing the percentage of drug dissolved within a specified period. This assessment unfolds in three stages:First Stage: The test passes if all six drug dosage units are equal to or greater than Q plus 5%; otherwise, the sample proceeds to the second stage.Second Stage: The average of twelve units must be equal to or greater than Q, with no unit falling below Q - 15% to pass; if not, it progresses to the final...
142
Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:27

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

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Changes in polymorphic forms can significantly influence the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Although the FDA defines pharmaceutical equivalence based on having the same active ingredient, dosage form, and route of administration, it does not automatically disqualify products with different polymorphic forms. This means two products with different polymorphs can still be deemed pharmaceutically equivalent. However, polymorphic differences can affect properties like wettability,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 8, 2025

Challenges in Rheological Characterization of Highly Concentrated Suspensions — A Case Study for Screen-printing Silver Pastes
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3D printing tablets: Predicting printability and drug dissolution from rheological data.

Moe Elbadawi1, Thomas Gustaffson2, Simon Gaisford3

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics
|September 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Rheology, specifically viscosity measurements, can predict the printability and drug release of 3D printed tablets (Printlets). This approach enables high-throughput screening of pharmaceutical formulations for desired performance.

Keywords:
3D Printed drug productsArtificial intelligenceFused Deposition Modeling (FDM)Oral drug delivery systemsPersonalized pharmaceuticals and medicinesPrediction modelsThree-dimensional printing

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Technology
  • Materials Science
  • Rheology

Background:

  • Rheology is crucial for formulation development but underutilized in 3D printing of drug formulations.
  • 3D printing offers novel methods for creating customized drug delivery systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a mathematical model using viscosity measurements for predicting the printability of 3D printed tablets (Printlets).
  • To explore the correlation between rheological properties and drug release profiles.
  • To develop machine learning models for predicting dissolution behavior from viscosity data.

Main Methods:

  • Formulations of polycaprolactone (PCL) with ciprofloxacin and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were prepared.
  • Viscosity measurements were conducted at various temperatures (130-170 °C).
  • Three standard rheological models were applied, and drug release profiles were measured over seven days. Machine learning models were developed to predict dissolution.

Main Results:

  • An optimal viscosity window of 100-1000 Pa·s was identified for printability at the nozzle's apparent shear rate.
  • PCL formulations showed temperature-dependent extrudability.
  • Machine learning models accurately predicted dissolution profiles, achieving an f2 similarity score of 90.9.

Conclusions:

  • Viscosity measurements are effective for predicting the printability of 3D printed drug formulations.
  • Rheological data can be used to screen for formulations with desired drug release profiles.
  • This study demonstrates a high-throughput method for simultaneous screening of printability and drug release.