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Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
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Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 8, 2025

Design of Cecal Ligation and Puncture and Intranasal Infection Dual Model of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression
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New Agents in Development for Sepsis: Any Reason for Hope?

Philippe Vignon1,2,3,4, Pierre-François Laterre5, Thomas Daix6,7,8

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Sepsis, a life-threatening organ dysfunction from infection, has seen many drug failures. New research focuses on diverse sepsis phenotypes and immune-targeting therapies like monoclonal antibodies for better treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • * Critical Care Medicine
  • * Pharmacology
  • * Immunology

Background:

  • * Sepsis is a leading global cause of mortality, characterized by a dysregulated host response to infection leading to organ failure.
  • * Despite extensive research, numerous sepsis drug candidates have failed to demonstrate clinical efficacy over the past two decades, leading to decreased development.
  • * A deeper understanding of sepsis pathophysiology reveals diverse patient phenotypes, moving away from a one-size-fits-all approach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review the challenges and advancements in sepsis drug development.
  • * To highlight the shift towards personalized medicine in sepsis treatment based on identified phenotypes.
  • * To identify promising therapeutic targets and strategies, particularly those modulating the immune response.

Main Methods:

  • * Review of existing literature on sepsis pathophysiology and drug development.
  • * Analysis of clinical trial outcomes for sepsis therapeutics.
  • * Identification of emerging therapeutic targets and biomarkers based on recent research.

Main Results:

  • * Past sepsis drug development has been hindered by a lack of understanding of disease heterogeneity.
  • * Identification of distinct sepsis phenotypes allows for targeted therapeutic strategies and biomarker development.
  • * Immune response-modulating therapies, including monoclonal antibodies, show significant promise.

Conclusions:

  • * The development of novel sepsis therapeutics requires acknowledging and addressing disease heterogeneity.
  • * Targeting specific immune pathways and utilizing relevant biomarkers are crucial for future drug success.
  • * Monoclonal antibodies represent a promising class of drugs for future sepsis treatment strategies.