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Aerosol generation from different wind instruments.

Ruichen He1, Linyue Gao2, Maximilian Trifonov1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA.

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|September 21, 2020
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Summary

Aerosol generation from wind instruments varies significantly, categorizing them into low, intermediate, and high-risk groups for airborne transmission. This research informs safety strategies for musical activities.

Keywords:
Aerosol concentrationAerosol size distributionAerosol transmissionArticulationDynamic levelWind instruments

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Area of Science:

  • Aerosol science
  • Music performance safety
  • Public health

Background:

  • COVID-19 airborne transmission concerns impact wind instrument music activities.
  • Lack of systematic data on aerosol generation from wind instruments hinders risk assessment.
  • Need for quantitative information to guide safe reopening of music ensembles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically study and quantify aerosol generation from various wind instruments.
  • To compare aerosol output across different instruments, dynamics, and articulations.
  • To establish risk categories for wind instruments regarding airborne transmission.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted systematic aerosol generation studies with 15 professional musicians.
  • Tested a wide range of brass and woodwind instruments.
  • Varied music dynamic levels and articulation patterns during performance.

Main Results:

  • Aerosol concentrations varied by two orders of magnitude across instruments.
  • Instruments categorized into low (tuba), intermediate (e.g., bassoon, flute), and high-risk (e.g., trumpet, oboe) groups.
  • Aerosol generation influenced by dynamics, articulation, individual breathing, and instrument design.

Conclusions:

  • Findings provide crucial data for assessing airborne transmission risks associated with wind instruments.
  • Risk categorization aids in developing targeted mitigation strategies for musical activities.
  • Informed strategies can support the safe resumption of orchestras, bands, and music education.