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Caffeine versus aminophylline in combination with oxygen therapy for apnea of prematurity: A retrospective cohort

Cheng-Yun Zhang1, Dong-Jie Liu1, Shao-Dong Hua2

  • 1Department of Neonatology, The First People's Hospital of Zhengzhou City, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
|September 21, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Caffeine citrate is more effective than aminophylline for treating apnea in premature infants. Caffeine reduces oxygen needs and complications, improving treatment outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pharmacology
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Apnea is common in premature infants, requiring interventions like oxygen therapy.
  • Caffeine and aminophylline are used to manage apnea, but their comparative efficacy varies.
  • Optimizing oxygen delivery is crucial for treating neonatal apnea.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the clinical significance of caffeine citrate and aminophylline in treating apnea in premature infants.
  • To evaluate the impact of these treatments on oxygen delivery requirements and complications.
  • To determine the superior therapeutic agent for neonatal apnea under different oxygenation conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of clinical data from 120 premature infants with apnea.
  • Infants received either caffeine citrate (20 mg/kg/day) or aminophylline (10 mg/kg/day).
  • Outcomes assessed included recurrent apnea risk, changes in oxygen duration/concentration, and complication incidence.

Main Results:

  • Caffeine treatment significantly reduced oxygen inhalation duration and concentration compared to aminophylline (P<0.05).
  • Caffeine also decreased recurrent apnea events and complications (P<0.05 or P<0.01).
  • These benefits were observed across varying oxygen delivery conditions, including mechanical ventilation.

Conclusions:

  • Caffeine citrate demonstrates superior therapeutic performance over aminophylline for premature infant apnea.
  • Caffeine improves supplemental oxygen efficacy and reduces complication rates.
  • Caffeine is a preferred agent for managing neonatal apnea, optimizing respiratory support.

Keywords:
aminophyllineapnea episodescaffeineefficacy and safetymechanical ventilationpremature infants

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