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Diamagnetism

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....

Ferromagnetism

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...

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Arranging Diamagnetic Particles in a Modulated Magnetic Field Originating in Microelectromechanical Systems

Eizo Ushijima¹, Satoshi Fujimoto², Kazuo Nakazato³

¹R&D Department, Aisin Cosmos R&D Co., Ltd., Kariya 448-8650, Japan.

|September 21, 2020

Summary

Researchers developed a portable magnetic device for precise diamagnetic particle arrangement. This mechanism, compatible with integrated circuits, enables microparticle manipulation using modulated magnetic fields.

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Area of Science:

Physics
Materials Science
Nanotechnology

Background:

Particle manipulation is crucial for micro-assembly and lab-on-a-chip devices.
Existing methods for magnetic particle arrangement often lack portability or integration capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a portable and integrated mechanism for arranging diamagnetic particles using modulated magnetic fields.
To demonstrate the feasibility of using a Halbach array magnet and microfabricated magnetic substrates for particle manipulation.

Main Methods:

Prototyping a palm-size Halbach array magnet (50 × 50 × 20 mm) generating 1.31 T at 1 mm.
Fabricating an Si substrate with an iron (Fe) thin film patterned with 30 μm holes using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology.
Conducting particle magnetic-adsorption experiments with 25 μm diamagnetic particles in a paramagnetic medium.

Main Results:

The Halbach array magnet achieved high magnetic field strength in a compact form factor.
The microfabricated substrate successfully generated a modulated magnetic field.
Diamagnetic particles were observed to be arranged and adsorbed within the patterned hole portions of the substrate.

Conclusions:

The study successfully demonstrated a portable and integrated magnetic mechanism for precise diamagnetic particle arrangement.
The developed technology shows potential for applications in micro-assembly, microfluidics, and integrated electronic devices.