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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 8, 2025

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training
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Activity or connectivity? A randomized controlled feasibility study evaluating neurofeedback training in Huntington's

Marina Papoutsi1, Joerg Magerkurth2, Oliver Josephs3

  • 1UCL Huntington's Disease Centre, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1B 5EH, UK.

Brain Communications
|September 21, 2020
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Summary

Neurofeedback training in Huntington's disease (HD) gene-carriers showed participants could regulate brain activity. However, robust evidence for improved cognitive function or clinical benefit was not found.

Keywords:
Huntington’s diseaseneurofeedback trainingneuroplasticityreal-time fMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Huntington's disease (HD) involves cognitive impairments.
  • Non-invasive neurofeedback training offers a potential avenue for cognitive symptom management.
  • Real-time functional MRI neurofeedback (rtfMRI-NF) allows targeted brain region modulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the feasibility of rtfMRI-NF for cognitive symptom management in HD.
  • To compare activity vs. connectivity rtfMRI-NF methods in HD gene-carriers.
  • To evaluate the transfer of learned regulation to behavioral outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Single-blind, sham-controlled study with 32 HD gene-carriers.
  • Two rtfMRI-NF methods: supplementary motor area (SMA) activity and SMA-striatum connectivity.
  • 16 training runs with sham-controlled groups and follow-up assessments.

Main Results:

  • Treatment groups achieved significantly higher neurofeedback target levels during training sessions compared to sham controls.
  • No robust evidence of superior transfer of learning (near or far) in treatment groups.
  • No significant difference found between activity and connectivity rtfMRI-NF methods.
  • No correlation observed between learning success and changes in cognitive/psychomotor function.

Conclusions:

  • rtfMRI-NF can guide HD gene-carriers to regulate specific brain activity and connectivity.
  • Evidence for robust transfer of learning and clinical benefits from rtfMRI-NF in HD was not established.
  • Further research is needed to optimize neurofeedback protocols for clinical efficacy in neurodegenerative diseases.