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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cardiology
  • Psychophysiology

Background:

  • Heart-brain integration is fundamental for interoception, the perception of internal bodily signals.
  • Understanding how the brain processes bodily signals after major physiological changes, like heart transplantation, is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To longitudinally investigate neurocognitive markers of interoception in patients following orthotopic heart transplantation.
  • To compare interoceptive abilities between heart transplant recipients and matched healthy controls across different time points.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal study design assessing patients before (T1) and after (T2, T3) heart transplantation.
  • Assessment of behavioral (heartbeat detection task) and electrophysiological (heartbeat-evoked potentials) markers of interoception.
  • Comparison with age- and sex-matched healthy controls.

Main Results:

  • Behavioral interoception was similar pre-surgery but impaired in transplant patients at T2, normalizing by T3.
  • Electrophysiological markers showed reduced heartbeat-evoked potential amplitudes in patients at T2 and T3.
  • These findings remained significant after controlling for cardiological variables.

Conclusions:

  • Orthotopic heart transplantation leads to transient alterations in brain-heart integration and interoceptive processing.
  • The brain demonstrates adaptive capacity in recalibrating interoceptive pathways post-transplant.
  • This study offers novel insights into the dynamic interplay between the heart and brain.