Mesoporous GeO/Ge/C as a Highly Reversible Anode Material with High Specific Capacity for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Nanostructured Ge is considered a highly promising material for Li-ion battery applications as Ge offers high specific capacity and Li-ion diffusivity, while inherent mesoporous nanostructures can contribute resistance against capacity fading as typically induced by high volume expansion in bulk Ge films. Mesoporous GeO/Ge/C films are synthesized using K₄Ge₉ Zintl clusters as a Ge precursor and the amphiphilic diblock copolymer polystyrene-block-polyethylene oxide as a templating tool. As compared to a reference sample without post-treatment, enhanced surface-to-volume ratios are achieved through post-treatment with a poor-good azeotrope solvent mixture. High capacities of over 2000 mA h g^-1 are obtained with good stability over 300 cycles. Information from morphological and compositional characterization for both reference and post-treated sample suggests that the good electrochemical performance originates from reversible GeO₂ conversion reactions.