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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The relationship between sleep duration and cognitive decline trajectory remains unclear.
  • Understanding this association is crucial for aging populations worldwide.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between sleep duration and cognitive decline.
  • Utilized a pooled analysis of two large, nationally representative aging cohorts.

Main Methods:

  • Pooled cohort study including the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) and the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).
  • Included 20,065 participants (aged ≥45/50 years) with self-reported sleep duration assessed via interviews.
  • Global cognitive function was measured using a battery of tests, with follow-up periods of 4-8 years.

Main Results:

  • Individuals sleeping ≤4 hours or ≥10 hours per night showed faster cognitive decline compared to those sleeping 7 hours (pooled β = -0.022 and -0.033, respectively).
  • An inverted U-shaped association was observed between sleep duration and global cognitive decline.
  • Results were adjusted for multiple covariates.

Conclusions:

  • An inverted U-shaped relationship exists between sleep duration and cognitive decline.
  • Monitoring cognitive function in individuals with very short (≤4 hours) or very long (≥10 hours) sleep duration is recommended.
  • Further research into the underlying mechanisms is warranted.