Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

13.1K
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
13.1K
Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

38.9K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
38.9K
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

48.8K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
48.8K
Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

501
Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
501
Introduction to Virus01:28

Introduction to Virus

851
Viruses are unique biological entities that blur the boundary between living and non-living systems. Although they lack cellular structure and metabolic processes, they can exhibit characteristics of life when infecting a host. Their defining feature is a nucleic acid core, composed of either DNA or RNA, encapsulated within a protein coat called a capsid. This simple structure allows them to invade host cells and use their machinery for replication efficiently.Viral Structure and...
851
Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

24.6K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
24.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Erratum to "Long COVID: An overview" [Diabetes Metabol. Syndr. Clin. Res. Rev. (2021) 869-875].

Diabetes & metabolic syndrome·2022
Same author

Clinical features, laboratory characteristics and risk factors for mortality of COVID-19 patients in a secondary hospital in Oman during the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Bulletin of the National Research Centre·2022
Same author

Post COVID-19 Syndrome ("Long COVID") and Diabetes: Challenges in Diagnosis and Management.

Diabetes & metabolic syndrome·2021
Same author

A new interventional home care model for COVID management: Virtual Covid IP.

Diabetes & metabolic syndrome·2021
Same author

Management Strategies for Dealing With Surges of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Cureus·2021
Same author

Long COVID: An overview.

Diabetes & metabolic syndrome·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 8, 2025

Author Spotlight: Studying Host-Virus Interactions with Pseudotyped Viruses
05:49

Author Spotlight: Studying Host-Virus Interactions with Pseudotyped Viruses

Published on: November 21, 2023

2.2K

Does a younger host make the virus weaker? Presenting a new hypothesis.

Rajeev Jayadevan1, A V Raveendran2

  • 1Sunrise Hospital, Kakkanad, Kerala, India.

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome
|September 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary

The severity of the COVID-19 virus may increase in weaker hosts and decrease in stronger ones. Analyzing transmission chains from this perspective could offer new insights into viral evolution.

Keywords:
Covid-19MortalityTransmissionVirulence

More Related Videos

A Mouse Model for the Transition of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Colonizer to Pathogen upon Viral Co-Infection Recapitulates Age-Exacerbated Illness
12:21

A Mouse Model for the Transition of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Colonizer to Pathogen upon Viral Co-Infection Recapitulates Age-Exacerbated Illness

Published on: September 28, 2022

2.9K
Protocols for Investigating the Host-tissue Distribution, Transmission-mode, and Effect on the Host Fitness of a Densovirus in the Cotton Bollworm
11:12

Protocols for Investigating the Host-tissue Distribution, Transmission-mode, and Effect on the Host Fitness of a Densovirus in the Cotton Bollworm

Published on: April 12, 2017

8.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 8, 2025

Author Spotlight: Studying Host-Virus Interactions with Pseudotyped Viruses
05:49

Author Spotlight: Studying Host-Virus Interactions with Pseudotyped Viruses

Published on: November 21, 2023

2.2K
A Mouse Model for the Transition of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Colonizer to Pathogen upon Viral Co-Infection Recapitulates Age-Exacerbated Illness
12:21

A Mouse Model for the Transition of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Colonizer to Pathogen upon Viral Co-Infection Recapitulates Age-Exacerbated Illness

Published on: September 28, 2022

2.9K
Protocols for Investigating the Host-tissue Distribution, Transmission-mode, and Effect on the Host Fitness of a Densovirus in the Cotton Bollworm
11:12

Protocols for Investigating the Host-tissue Distribution, Transmission-mode, and Effect on the Host Fitness of a Densovirus in the Cotton Bollworm

Published on: April 12, 2017

8.9K

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant global mortality.
  • Risk factors contributing to COVID-19 mortality remain incompletely understood.

Discussion:

  • This study proposes a novel hypothesis regarding viral virulence and host susceptibility.
  • The hypothesis posits an inverse relationship between host immune strength and viral virulence.

Key Insights:

  • Viruses may become more virulent when transmitted through weaker or older hosts.
  • Conversely, viruses may become less virulent when transmitted through stronger, healthier hosts.

Outlook:

  • Further investigation into the COVID-19 transmission chain through the lens of host-pathogen interactions is warranted.
  • This perspective may offer new strategies for managing and mitigating pandemic threats.