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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 8, 2025

Collecting Saliva and Measuring Salivary Cortisol and Alpha-amylase in Frail Community Residing Older Adults via Family Caregivers
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Current methods for stress marker detection in saliva.

Ginevra Giacomello1, Andreas Scholten1, Maria Kristina Parr1

  • 1Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195, Berlin, Germany.

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis
|September 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Saliva analysis offers a non-invasive method for detecting stress biomarkers like cortisol and norepinephrine. This research reviews promising markers and methods for diagnosing stress-related diseases.

Keywords:
BiomarkerChromatographyImmunoassayMass spectrometryPoint of care devicePsychological stress

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Psychoneuroendocrinology

Background:

  • Stress and related diseases significantly impact personal and professional life, increasing the need for effective prevention strategies.
  • The COVID-19 pandemic has heightened concerns about rising stress levels and their health consequences.
  • Biomarker analysis, particularly in saliva, presents a non-invasive approach for diagnosing and classifying stress-related conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research, innovative approaches, and trends in stress biomarker detection since 2011.
  • To identify promising marker substances in saliva for stress assessment.
  • To summarize analytical methods used for reliable, fast, and affordable stress marker detection.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of scientific literature published since 2011.
  • Focus on studies analyzing up to seven promising stress marker substances in saliva.
  • Examination of analytical techniques including immunological, electrochemical, and mass spectrometry-based methods.

Main Results:

  • Cortisol is the most frequently reported and best-evaluated stress marker in saliva.
  • Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and its metabolite 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol are commonly considered stress markers.
  • Other potential markers include testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA-S, alpha-amylase, secretory immunoglobulin A, and chromogranin A.

Conclusions:

  • Saliva analysis is a highly attractive, non-invasive method for stress biomarker detection.
  • Ongoing research focuses on developing reliable, fast, and affordable methods for stress marker analysis.
  • A combination of markers and advanced analytical techniques may improve the diagnosis and management of stress-related diseases.