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Recent Progress in Saikosaponin Biosynthesis in Bupleurum.

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Saikosaponins (SSs), key compounds in traditional Chinese medicine Chaihu, have complex biosynthesis pathways. This study summarizes recent progress in understanding SS biosynthesis and regulation, crucial for Radix Bupleuri stability.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Phytochemistry
  • Traditional Chinese Medicine
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Chaihu, a traditional Chinese medicine, has long been used for treating fevers and liver diseases.
  • Saikosaponins (SSs) are primary active constituents of Chaihu, alongside essential oils, flavonoids, and polysaccharides.
  • Understanding the biosynthesis and regulation of SSs is essential due to their medicinal importance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent advancements in Saikosaponin (SS) biosynthesis.
  • To provide a foundational reference for future research in this area.
  • To draw attention to the ongoing efforts in elucidating SS biosynthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Baidu Scholar) up to October 2019.
  • Analysis of isolated genes involved in SS biosynthesis.
  • Examination of predicted gene functions and cellular transport mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • A P450 gene was identified as catalyzing the Saikosaponin (SS) skeleton β-amyrin synthase.
  • Several UDP-glycosyltransferase genes are predicted to be involved in SS biosynthesis.
  • SS biosynthesis occurs in the phloem, with transport to vacuoles to prevent self-toxicity, influenced by environmental factors and Bupleurum species.

Conclusions:

  • Further research into Saikosaponins (SSs) can clarify monomer formation mechanisms.
  • Understanding SS biosynthesis is vital for maintaining stable SS content in Radix Bupleuri.
  • This review provides a reference for future studies on SS biosynthesis and regulation.