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Related Concept Videos

Visual System01:26

Visual System

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Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
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Vision01:24

Vision

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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Visual Agnosia01:12

Visual Agnosia

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Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round...
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Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

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Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
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Gestalt Principles of Perception01:21

Gestalt Principles of Perception

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Gestalt principles provide a framework for understanding how humans perceive objects as unified wholes within their context. These principles are essential in explaining the cognitive processes that make sense of complex visual stimuli by organizing them into coherent groups. One fundamental principle is proximity, which posits that objects located close to each other are perceived as a collective group. For instance, when dots are positioned near one another, the visual system interprets them...
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Color Vision01:24

Color Vision

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Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 8, 2025

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
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Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

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Visual development.

Janette Atkinson1, Oliver Braddick2

  • 1Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|September 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The developing visual brain integrates vision with motor control and attention. Early visual development, particularly the dorsal stream, offers insights into neurodevelopmental disorders in children.

Keywords:
Dorsal stream vulnerabilityEarly cortical selectivityLocal and global processingModels of visual developmentNeural plasticitySpatial visionVisuomotor modules

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • The developing visual brain is an integrated system connecting visual input analysis to visuomotor control, visual cognition, and attention.
  • Rudimentary visual pathways at birth support fixation, with subsequent development of cortical selectivity, global representations, visuomotor modules, and attention systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore key developmental milestones in the human visual system.
  • To identify early indicators of broader brain development in at-risk children using visual processing measures.
  • To investigate the vulnerability of the dorsal cortical stream in neurodevelopmental disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Observational studies of visual development in infancy and early childhood.
  • Assessment of visual functions including cortical selectivity, global motion processing, and visuomotor actions.
  • Analysis of early-onset eye disorders like strabismus and cataract to understand visual system plasticity.

Main Results:

  • Measures of visual development in infancy can indicate broader brain development in at-risk children.
  • The dorsal cortical stream is particularly vulnerable in children with various neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • Early visual impairments highlight the plasticity of the developing visual system and the impact of early experience.

Conclusions:

  • The developing visual brain is a complex, integrated system crucial for overall neurodevelopment.
  • The dorsal stream's function is a key indicator for identifying neurodevelopmental vulnerabilities.
  • Early visual experiences significantly shape functional development, underscoring the importance of timely interventions.