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Related Concept Videos

Learning Disabilities01:25

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Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
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Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
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Introduction to Learning01:18

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Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge or skills through practice or experience, leading to long-lasting behavioral changes. This acquisition occurs through interaction with the environment and requires practice or experience. For instance, mastering a skill such as surfing requires considerable practice and experience, highlighting the essential role of repeated interactions with the environment in learning.
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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
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Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques
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Learning abilities.

Marc Philippe Lafontaine1, Inga Sophia Knoth1, Sarah Lippé1

  • 1Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|September 22, 2020
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Summary

Human learning abilities emerge in infancy, crucial for adaptation. This review covers early learning behaviors, from habituation to associative memory, and their biological basis from cellular to neurocognitive levels.

Keywords:
Associative learningBrain developmentHabituationHippocampusLearningRepetition suppression

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Learning abilities are fundamental for adaptation from infancy.
  • These abilities evolve throughout life, becoming more integrated and complex.
  • Acquired knowledge drives adaptive behavioral changes, enhancing precision and effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the primary behavioral aspects of human learning in early development.
  • To explore the biological underpinnings of these learning abilities.
  • To examine mechanisms from cellular to neurocognitive systems.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on repetition-based learning and habituation.
  • Review associative memory and its neurological bases.
  • Integrate findings across cellular, neurocognitive, and behavioral levels.

Main Results:

  • Repetition-based learning contributes to fundamental brain mechanism theories.
  • Associative memory plays a key role in various contexts and has distinct neurological bases.
  • Early learning facilitates encoding complex information and adapting to environmental changes.

Conclusions:

  • Repetition-based learning and associative memory are vital for understanding the environment.
  • These learning forms enable information gathering, consolidation, and adjustment.
  • Continuous adaptation of stored information is key to navigating changing conditions.