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Development of neuronal circuits: From synaptogenesis to synapse plasticity
Graziella Di Cristo1, Bidisha Chattopadhyaya2
1Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|September 22, 2020
Summary
Brain function relies on precise neuronal connections called synapses. Both genetics and sensory experiences shape these synapses during development, impacting brain structure and function.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Developmental Biology
Background:
- Optimal brain function depends on precise neuronal interconnections (synapses).
- Synapses facilitate neuronal communication via neurotransmitter release and receptor binding.
Purpose of the Study:
- To discuss synapse formation and modification during brain maturation.
- To explore the interplay of genetic programs and sensory information in shaping neuronal connectivity.
- To link synapse mechanisms to neurodevelopmental disorder pathophysiology.
Main Methods:
- Review of genetic control mechanisms in brain wiring.
- Analysis of sensory information's role in synapse refinement.
- Discussion of advances in understanding synapse formation and plasticity.
Main Results:
- Genetic programs largely dictate initial brain wiring and synapse identity.
- Early childhood sensory input is crucial for strengthening and refining synapses.
- A combination of nature (genetics) and nurture (sensory input) shapes the nervous system.
Conclusions:
- Synapse formation and plasticity are fundamental to brain development.
- Understanding these processes offers insights into neurodevelopmental disorders.
- Both genetic predispositions and environmental factors are critical for healthy brain development.
Keywords:
Experience-dependent plasticityNeurodevelopmental disordersNeuronal circuitsNeurotransmitterSynapse formationSynaptic plasticitySynaptic pruningMore Related Videos
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