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Ischemic sequelae and other vascular diseases.

Matsanga Leyila Kaseka1, Nomazulu Dlamini1, Robyn Westmacott2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.

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|September 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric stroke survivors face significant neuropsychologic challenges, with outcomes varying by stroke cause and age. Understanding these diverse effects is key to personalizing care for children after stroke.

Keywords:
Cardiac diseaseCognitionExecutive functionMoyamoyaNeuropsychologyPediatricPerinatalSickle cell diseaseStroke

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Pediatric stroke has higher survival rates than adult stroke but leads to significant neuropsychologic issues.
  • Neuroplasticity in children does not ensure positive outcomes post-stroke.
  • The neuropsychologic profile of pediatric stroke is heterogeneous due to various causes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review general trends in pediatric stroke outcomes.
  • To examine the neuropsychologic profiles associated with common pediatric stroke causes.
  • To identify factors influencing functional and neuropsychologic outcomes in pediatric stroke survivors.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pediatric stroke outcomes.
  • Analysis of neuropsychologic profiles linked to congenital heart disease, moyamoya disease, and sickle cell disease.
  • Comparison of cognitive and executive functions based on stroke timing and severity.

Main Results:

  • Stroke in early infancy and large strokes correlate with cognitive impairment.
  • Executive dysfunction is common, but social skills are often preserved.
  • Congenital heart disease and sickle cell disease link to global dysfunction; moyamoya disease to executive dysregulation.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric stroke outcomes are diverse, influenced by etiology and stroke characteristics.
  • Executive dysfunction is a prevalent issue in pediatric stroke survivors.
  • Further research into maladaptive processes can personalize care and predict outcomes.