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Summary
Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is an inflammatory condition following strep throat, potentially causing heart disease. ARF remains a significant health issue in developing nations, influenced by genetics and socioeconomic factors.
Area of Science:
- Rheumatology
- Pediatrics
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is an inflammatory complication affecting 1-3% of children with group A streptococcal pharyngitis.
- Key manifestations include carditis, migratory polyarthritis, and chorea, with potential progression to rheumatic heart disease (RHD).
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the pathophysiology, clinical features, treatment, and epidemiological trends of ARF.
- To highlight the disparities in ARF incidence and mortality globally.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of existing data on ARF and RHD.
- Analysis of epidemiological patterns and risk factors associated with ARF.
Main Results:
- ARF results from an abnormal immune response to streptococcal antigens, leading to cross-reactivity with host tissues.
- Treatment involves antibiotic eradication, anti-inflammatory medications, and supportive care.
- Incidence has declined in developed countries but remains high in developing nations, linked to genetic predisposition, inadequate healthcare, and socioeconomic conditions.
Conclusions:
- ARF and RHD represent a major global health challenge, particularly in resource-limited settings.
- Genetic factors, such as DR-HLA markers, play a role in susceptibility.
- Addressing socioeconomic determinants and improving healthcare access are crucial for ARF prevention and control.