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Related Concept Videos

Hardy-Weinberg Principle01:49

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.In the early 20th century,...
Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).Mechanisms of Genetic VariationThe original sources of genetic variation are mutations,...
Gene Flow02:39

Gene Flow

Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.
Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms02:18

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.
IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and produces two-second...
Wald-Wolfowitz Runs Test II01:17

Wald-Wolfowitz Runs Test II

The Wald-Wolfowitz runs test, commonly referred to as the runs test, is a nonparametric test used to assess the randomness of ordered data. The test evaluates the number of runs, which are consecutive sequences of similar elements within the data. If the number of runs is significantly higher or lower than expected, the data is considered non-random, indicating a detectable pattern or structure.
For binary data, runs are identified using symbols such as + and −, or equivalently, 1s and 0s. In...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Automated Separation of C. elegans Variably Colonized by a Bacterial Pathogen
11:18

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Howard Berg's Random Walk through Biology.

Michael D Manson1

  • 1Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA mike@bio.tamu.edu.

Journal of Bacteriology
|September 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This review highlights biophysicist Howard Berg's significant contributions to bacterial chemotaxis and motility. His career and mentorship have profoundly impacted the field and inspired numerous scientists.

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Microbiology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Focuses on the career trajectory of biophysicist Howard Berg.
  • Traces his early interest and foundational work in bacterial chemotaxis and motility.

Discussion:

  • Presents a collection of reminiscences from students, postdocs, colleagues, and family.
  • Illustrates Berg's influence through personal anecdotes and professional interactions.

Key Insights:

  • Howard Berg's research has been pivotal in advancing the understanding of bacterial movement and signaling.
  • His mentorship has fostered the growth of many scientists in the field.

Outlook:

  • The review underscores the lasting legacy of Howard Berg's scientific and personal impact.
Keywords:
Howard Bergbacterial chemotaxisbacterial motility

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  • It emphasizes the continued relevance of his contributions to bacterial chemotaxis and motility research.