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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

2.8K
Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability01:31

Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability

2.0K
In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
When diamagnetic materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Hence, the susceptibility for diamagnets has a minimal negative value of 10-5–10-6. Since...
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Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

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Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
29.7K
Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

Theory of Metallic Conduction

1.6K
The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...
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Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties02:56

Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties

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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Relation between microscopic interactions and macroscopic properties in ferroics.

Jannis Lehmann1, Amadé Bortis2, Peter M Derlet3,4

  • 1Laboratory for Multifunctional Ferroic Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. jannis.lehmann@mat.ethz.ch.

Nature Nanotechnology
|September 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created artificial nanomagnet crystals to study ferroic materials. They discovered how competing magnetic interactions control domain properties, crucial for understanding magnetic and electric order in materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Ferroic materials exhibit spontaneous magnetic or electric order, vital for basic research and device applications.
  • Macroscopic properties of ferroics are determined by domain size, distribution, and morphology.
  • Controlling domain characteristics typically relies on extrinsic factors, making intrinsic parameter extraction challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To separate and analyze intrinsic parameters controlling ferroic domain formation.
  • To investigate the correlation between microscopic magnetic interactions and macroscopic ferroic properties.
  • To demonstrate the use of competing interactions for controlling ferroic hallmarks.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of artificial crystals composed of planar nanomagnets.
  • Engineering tuneable and competing magnetic interactions between nanomagnets.
  • Utilizing experiments and simulations to analyze domain configurations and physical properties.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated separation of intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing domain formation.
  • Uncovered intrinsic correlations between microscopic interactions and macroscopic ferroic properties.
  • Showcased how competing interactions dictate domain size, morphology, domain wall topology, and thermal mobility.

Conclusions:

  • Artificial crystals provide a platform for fundamental studies of ferroic materials.
  • Competing magnetic interactions are key to controlling ferroic behavior and properties.
  • This approach offers new avenues for designing advanced ferroic devices.