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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

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The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
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The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a...
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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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The muscles that move the forearms can be divided into four groups: forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint, while the pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints.
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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Spinal Nerves: Plexus I01:22

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 8, 2025

Adjustable Stiffness, External Fixator for the Rat Femur Osteotomy and Segmental Bone Defect Models
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[External fixator of the elbow].

T Leschinger1, N Ott2, M Hackl2

  • 1Schwerpunkt für Unfall-, Hand- und Ellenbogenchirurgie, Universitätsklinik zu Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland. tim.leschinger@uk-koeln.de.

Operative Orthopadie Und Traumatologie
|September 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary

External elbow fixators offer functional treatment options, enabling controlled joint movement and reduced forces for better outcomes. Proper surgical technique and patient compliance are key to successful management and preventing complications.

Keywords:
Damage control procedureDistraction arthrolysisHinged external fixatorSalvage procedureTemporary stabilization

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Trauma surgery
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • External elbow fixators can be used for temporary stabilization or as hinged movement devices.
  • Hinged fixators allow functional follow-up treatment by controlling joint guidance and reducing stress on osteoligamentous structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and applications of external elbow fixators in various orthopedic scenarios.
  • To highlight the benefits of hinged external fixators for functional post-operative management.

Main Methods:

  • The study reviews the indications, contraindications, surgical techniques, and postoperative management of external elbow fixators.
  • Key techniques include soft tissue preparation for pin placement and understanding neurovascular anatomy.
  • Postoperative management depends on the injury, with early movement encouraged for hinged fixators.

Main Results:

  • Good functional results are reported for hinged external fixators in unstable elbows.
  • Arthrolysis procedures show improved range of motion but carry a risk of complications.
  • External fixators serve as satisfactory salvage procedures in select patient groups.

Conclusions:

  • External elbow fixators, particularly hinged designs, provide effective functional treatment for elbow instability and post-operative management.
  • Careful patient selection, surgical technique, and diligent pin care are crucial for minimizing complications and achieving optimal outcomes.