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Performance parameters in children and adolescent athletes.

R B Birrer, R Levine

    Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
    |May 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary

    Optimizing sports performance in youth involves identifying genetic and somatotype markers, alongside mitigating injury risks. Tailored training, nutrition, and safe environments enhance motor skills and physiological fitness for athletic success.

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    Area of Science:

    • Sports Medicine
    • Human Performance Analysis
    • Pediatric Sports Science

    Background:

    • Competitive sports success relies on multifaceted physical and mental components.
    • Key variables include somatotype, motor skills, age, nutrition, physiology, psychology, training, genetics, and injury risk.
    • Existing sports medicine data for predicting performance, especially in youth, often lacks reliability and comparability.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review historical and current information on predicting sports performance in children and adolescents.
    • To identify key factors influencing athletic achievement at the childhood and adolescent levels.
    • To suggest strategies for optimizing youth sports performance based on current evidence.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of historical and current research on sports performance predictors.
    • Analysis of independent variables influencing competitive athletic outcomes in young athletes.
    • Synthesis of findings related to somatotype, motor skills, physiological parameters, nutrition, psychology, genetics, and injury risk.

    Main Results:

    • Mesomorphy and ectomorphy are positively associated with performance, with successful athletes often exhibiting sport-specific somatotypes.
    • Motor skills are age and gender-dependent, improving with age and influenced by environment; however, aerobic and anaerobic capacity are crucial.
    • Training enhances motor skills and fitness, but its relationship with endurance performance in children is not strong; inadequate nutrition and psychological factors also impact performance.
    • Genetic factors influence traits by 30-85%, while injury history, excessive training, and certain personality traits are negative risk factors.

    Conclusions:

    • Optimizing youth sports performance may involve early identification of positive genetic/somatotypic markers and negative risk factors.
    • Maximizing motor skill development and physiological parameters requires regular, non-excessive training, proper nutrition, and safe environments.
    • Further longitudinal research controlling for confounding factors is essential to fully characterize criteria for successful sports participation.

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