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Related Concept Videos

Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

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Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
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Antibody Structure01:10

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Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
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Antibody Structure and Classes01:25

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Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are produced by B cells in response to foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses. These proteins are critical for recognizing and neutralizing these substances, protecting the body from potential harm.
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Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 8, 2025

Analysis of Somatic Hypermutation in the JH4 intron of Germinal Center B cells from Mouse Peyer's Patches
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Analysis of Somatic Hypermutation in the JH4 intron of Germinal Center B cells from Mouse Peyer's Patches

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Mutations make gut antibodies promiscuous.

Emilie K Grasset1, Andrea Cerutti1,2,3

  • 1The Immunology Institute, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY.

The Journal of Experimental Medicine
|September 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intestinal antibodies from healthy individuals and Crohn's disease patients target distinct gut microbes. This cross-targeting mechanism relies on somatic hypermutation, not germline-encoded polyreactivity.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiome Research
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in health and disease, including inflammatory conditions like Crohn's disease.
  • Intestinal antibodies are key components of the mucosal immune system, involved in maintaining homeostasis and responding to pathogens.
  • The specific targets and mechanisms of intestinal antibody interactions with the gut microbiota remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether intestinal antibodies from healthy subjects and patients with Crohn's disease exhibit cross-reactivity with gut microbial communities.
  • To elucidate the underlying immunological mechanisms driving these antibody-microbe interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of intestinal antibody repertoires from healthy individuals and Crohn's disease patients.
  • Microbiota profiling to identify microbial targets of antibodies.
  • Investigation of the role of somatic hypermutation and germline-encoded polyreactivity in antibody cross-reactivity.

Main Results:

  • Intestinal antibodies from both healthy subjects and Crohn's disease patients demonstrate cross-targeting of diverse gut microbial communities.
  • Distinct microbial communities are targeted by antibodies from healthy versus Crohn's disease individuals.
  • The observed cross-targeting is mediated by somatic hypermutation, a process of antibody gene diversification.
  • Germline-encoded polyreactivity does not appear to be the primary mechanism driving this cross-targeting.

Conclusions:

  • Intestinal antibodies engage with specific gut microbial communities in both health and Crohn's disease.
  • Antibody-mediated targeting of the gut microbiota is shaped by somatic hypermutation, contributing to distinct immune responses in health and disease.
  • These findings highlight a novel antibody-driven mechanism influencing the gut microbiome composition and immune interactions.