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Neighborhood Risk Factors for Recidivism: For Whom do they Matter?
Leah A Jacobs1, Jennifer L Skeem2
1School of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
American Journal of Community Psychology
|September 22, 2020
Summary
Neighborhoods impact reoffending risk, especially for those with lower individual risk. Residential context is crucial for preventing recidivism in lower-risk justice-involved individuals.
Area of Science:
- Criminology
- Sociology
- Urban Studies
Background:
- Recidivism prediction often overlooks residential context.
- Previous studies on neighborhood effects on reoffending yield mixed results.
- Individual risk may influence susceptibility to neighborhood factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To test if individual risk moderates the impact of neighborhood factors on recidivism.
- To investigate the role of concentrated disadvantage and disorder in reoffending.
- To explore the disadvantage saturation perspective.
Main Methods:
- Survival analyses were used.
- Data from 2218 justice-involved individuals on probation in San Francisco were analyzed.
- Observational and secondary data were utilized.
Main Results:
- Individual risk significantly interacted with neighborhood concentrated disadvantage and disorder.
- These neighborhood factors increased recidivism for individuals with lower individual risk.
- No significant increase in recidivism was observed for higher-risk individuals.
Conclusions:
- Residential contexts significantly influence recidivism, particularly for lower-risk individuals.
- Disadvantaged and disorderly neighborhoods may increase reoffending risk for those initially classified as low risk.
- Considering residential context in prevention efforts may improve outcomes for justice-involved people.
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