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Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG35-55) Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) in C57BL/6 Mice
08:03

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG35-55) Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) in C57BL/6 Mice

Published on: April 15, 2014

Chronic enteroviral meningoencephalitis in agammaglobulinemic patients

R E McKinney, S L Katz, C M Wilfert

    Reviews of Infectious Diseases
    |March 1, 1987
    PubMed

    Insights

    Patients with agammaglobulinemia face severe chronic enteroviral infections of the central nervous system. Prompt antibody therapy, including intraventricular immunoglobulin, shows promise for improving outcomes in these vulnerable individuals.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Neurology
    • Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • Agammaglobulinemia significantly increases susceptibility to chronic central nervous system (CNS) enteroviral infections.
    • Congenital immunodeficiencies, particularly X-linked agammaglobulinemia, are common underlying conditions.
    • Many patients were already on gamma-globulin therapy, yet still developed enteroviral infections.

    Observation:

    • Echoviruses, especially type 11, are the most frequent causative agents.
    • Neurological symptoms include weakness, lethargy, coma, headaches, hearing loss, seizures, ataxia, and paresthesias.
    • Non-neurological manifestations such as fever, dermatomyositis-like syndrome, edema, rashes, and hepatitis can also occur.

    Findings:

    • Antibody administration, via intravenous immunoglobulin or immune plasma, is the primary treatment.
    • Intraventricular immunoglobulin administration through reservoir devices led to substantial clinical improvement in 50% of treated patients (6 out of 12).
    • Sequential or simultaneous infections with multiple enteroviral serotypes have been observed.

    Implications:

    • Highlights the critical need for early diagnosis and aggressive management of enteroviral CNS infections in agammaglobulinemia patients.
    • Suggests intraventricular immunoglobulin therapy as a potentially effective strategy for severe or refractory cases.
    • Underscores the importance of ongoing research into optimal treatment modalities for these complex infections.

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