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Hematopoiesis

Hematopoiesis

The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...

Lineage Commitment

Lineage Commitment

Commitment is the process whereby stem cells:

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...

Role of Hematopoietic Growth Factors

Role of Hematopoietic Growth Factors

Hematopoietic growth factors are molecules that regulate the differentiation rate of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Erythropoietin (EPO), primarily produced by the kidneys, plays a crucial role in erythrocyte production. When oxygen levels in the blood are low, EPO is released into the bloodstream, reaching the bone marrow, where it stimulates HSCs to differentiate and mature into erythrocytes, which are vital for oxygen transport.
Thrombopoietin (TPO), mainly released by the liver,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Colony Forming Cell (CFC) Assay for Human Hematopoietic Cells

Colony Forming Cell (CFC) Assay for Human Hematopoietic Cells

Published on: December 18, 2010

The human hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors.

S C Clark, R Kamen

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|June 5, 1987

Summary

Molecular cloning of four key human myeloid growth factors enables better understanding of blood cell development and production of therapeutic proteins. This research advances hematopoiesis knowledge for clinical applications.

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Hematology

Background:

Four major human myeloid growth factors regulate blood cell production.
Understanding their molecular biology is crucial for medical advancements.

Purpose of the Study:

To report the molecular cloning of genes for four human myeloid growth factors.
To highlight the utility of these clones in research and protein production.

Main Methods:

Molecular cloning of complementary DNAs (cDNAs) and genes.
Large-scale production of recombinant growth factor proteins.

Main Results:

Successful cloning of genes for granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and interleukin-3.

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Colony Forming Cell (CFC) Assay for Human Hematopoietic Cells

Colony Forming Cell (CFC) Assay for Human Hematopoietic Cells

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Hemogenic Reprogramming of Human Fibroblasts by Enforced Expression of Transcription Factors

Hemogenic Reprogramming of Human Fibroblasts by Enforced Expression of Transcription Factors

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A Culture Method to Maintain Quiescent Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells

A Culture Method to Maintain Quiescent Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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Established methods for studying these growth factors and producing recombinant proteins.

Conclusions:

Molecular cloning has significantly advanced the study of myeloid growth factors.
These advances provide a foundation for improved understanding of hematopoiesis and future clinical applications.