Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:37

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

9.8K
In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
9.8K
Long-patch Base Excision Repair01:02

Long-patch Base Excision Repair

7.6K
Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this selection. Numerous in vitro experiments have pointed out multiple determinants for the sub-pathway selection. These are:
7.6K
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

5.0K
Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
5.0K
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

25.2K
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
25.2K
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

1.2K
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
1.2K
Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

8.3K
Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein....
8.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

PARP4 ADP-ribosylates PIDD1 to complete a phospho/SUMO/PAR-ylation cascade that orchestrates PIDDosome assembly.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Regulation of ADP-ribosyltransferase activity by ART domain dimerization in PARP15.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

RNF114 and RNF166 exemplify reader-writer E3 ligases that extend K11 polyubiquitin onto sites of MARUbylation.

The EMBO journal·2025
Same author

A family of E3 ligases extend K11 polyubiquitin on sites of MARUbylation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Ubiquitin is directly linked via an ester to protein-conjugated mono-ADP-ribose.

The EMBO journal·2025
Same author

PARP7 inhibits type I interferon signaling to prevent autoimmunity and lung disease.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 8, 2025

Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage
10:44

Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage

Published on: January 31, 2018

10.6K

Mechanisms governing PARP expression, localization, and activity in cells.

Daniel J Sanderson1, Michael S Cohen1

  • 1Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
|September 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Poly-(ADP)-ribose polymerases (PARPs) regulate diverse cellular functions like DNA repair. This review details how PARP activity, including mono- and poly-ADP-ribosylation, is controlled through various regulatory mechanisms within cells.

Keywords:
ADP-ribosylationMARylationPARylation; allosteric activationPoly(ADP)-ribose polymerasenicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)

More Related Videos

Investigation of Protein Recruitment to DNA Lesions Using 405 Nm Laser Micro-irradiation
12:29

Investigation of Protein Recruitment to DNA Lesions Using 405 Nm Laser Micro-irradiation

Published on: March 20, 2018

9.8K
Laser Micro-Irradiation to Study DNA Recruitment During S Phase
07:11

Laser Micro-Irradiation to Study DNA Recruitment During S Phase

Published on: April 16, 2021

4.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 8, 2025

Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage
10:44

Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage

Published on: January 31, 2018

10.6K
Investigation of Protein Recruitment to DNA Lesions Using 405 Nm Laser Micro-irradiation
12:29

Investigation of Protein Recruitment to DNA Lesions Using 405 Nm Laser Micro-irradiation

Published on: March 20, 2018

9.8K
Laser Micro-Irradiation to Study DNA Recruitment During S Phase
07:11

Laser Micro-Irradiation to Study DNA Recruitment During S Phase

Published on: April 16, 2021

4.7K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Poly-(ADP)-ribose polymerases (PARPs) are crucial human enzymes involved in DNA repair, transcription, and immunity.
  • Their diverse functions stem from a modular domain architecture.
  • PARPs catalyze ADP-ribosylation, a post-translational modification existing as mono-ADP-ribosylation (MARylation) or poly-ADP-ribosylation (PARylation).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the latest knowledge on the regulation of PARP enzymes in cellular contexts.
  • To explore the mechanisms controlling PARP-mediated MARylation and PARylation.
  • To highlight the multi-level regulation of PARP activity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on PARP regulation.
  • Analysis of regulatory mechanisms including transcription, protein stability, subcellular localization, and catalytic activity modulation.
  • Synthesis of current understanding of PARP-mediated post-translational modifications.

Main Results:

  • PARP activity is tightly controlled at multiple cellular levels.
  • Regulation occurs from gene transcription and protein stability to enzyme localization and catalytic function.
  • Emerging data reveals complex control over when and where PARP-mediated MARylation and PARylation occur.

Conclusions:

  • PARP regulation is a complex, multi-faceted process essential for cellular physiology.
  • Understanding these regulatory layers is key to comprehending PARP's diverse roles.
  • Further research into PARP regulation will illuminate its involvement in various signaling pathways and disease states.