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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

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Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
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Cylindrical Zwitterionic Particles via Interpolyelectrolyte Complexation on Molecular Polymer Brushes.

Théophile Pelras1, Nonappa2, Clare S Mahon3

  • 1Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry and Sydney Nano, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.

Macromolecular Rapid Communications
|September 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created high aspect ratio polymer particles using a template and self-assembly. The polymer structure dictates particle morphology, enabling internal compartmentalization or template wrapping.

Keywords:
block copolymersbottlebrushespolyplexesself‐assembliestemplate chemistries

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Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles
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Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Fabricating high aspect ratio macromolecular architectures with controlled morphologies is challenging.
  • Template chemistry combined with self-assembly offers a promising bottom-up approach for novel polymer structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To construct high aspect ratio polymer particles using a core-shell molecular polymer brush template and linear diblock copolymers (DBCP).
  • To investigate the morphological outcomes of interpolyelectrolyte complexation between the template and DBCPs.
  • To understand how different DBCP structures influence the final polymer particle morphology.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a cylindrical core-shell molecular polymer brush as a template.
  • Employing linear diblock copolymers (DBCP) for interpolyelectrolyte complexation.
  • Characterizing morphology using cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM).
  • Analyzing complexation via isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and zeta (ξ)-potential measurements.

Main Results:

  • Successful formation of high aspect ratio polymer particles through template-directed self-assembly.
  • Distinct morphologies were achieved based on the nature of the DBCP's non-brush block.
  • Non-ionic blocks in DBCP resulted in internal compartmentalization of the polymer particles.
  • Zwitterionic domains in DBCP led to the wrapping of the polymer brush template.

Conclusions:

  • The study demonstrates a versatile method for creating complex polymer architectures.
  • Morphological control is achievable by tuning the properties of associating diblock copolymers.
  • This approach offers a pathway to engineer advanced polymer particles with tailored internal and external structures.