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[Bone marrow transplantation in chronic myeloid leukemia--experiences in 16 patients]
Insights
Bone marrow transplantation for chronic myelocytic leukaemia (CML) offers a chance for long-term survival by eradicating leukemia. However, this procedure carries a significant risk of early mortality due to complications like graft-versus-host disease and infections.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Oncology
- Immunology
Context:
- Chronic myelocytic leukaemia (CML) is a serious hematologic malignancy.
- Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is a potential curative therapy for CML.
- Sibling donors offer a source of HLA-compatible grafts.
Purpose:
- To evaluate the outcomes of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in patients with chronic myelocytic leukaemia (CML).
- To assess the efficacy and toxicity of conditioning regimens and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis.
- To determine survival rates and causes of mortality in CML patients undergoing BMT.
Summary:
- 16 CML patients received HLA-compatible sibling bone marrow grafts between 1983-1986.
- Conditioning included cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation; GVHD prophylaxis used methotrexate +/- cyclosporin-A.
- 9 patients survived with good Karnofsky scores, but early mortality was high due to pneumonitis, liver disease, GVHD, sepsis, and relapse.
Impact:
- Bone marrow transplantation for CML, despite high early mortality risks, provides a unique opportunity for permanent leukemia eradication and long-term survival.
- This study highlights the critical balance between treatment-related toxicity and the potential for cure in CML.
- Findings inform future strategies for managing CML patients undergoing BMT, emphasizing risk mitigation and supportive care.
Abstract:
Between January 1983 and December 1986 16 patients (8 f, 8 m, median age 31.5 years, 14-41) with chronic myelocytic leukaemia (CML) received bone marrow grafts from their HLA compatible sibling donors. 11 patients were in the chronic and 4 in the accelerated phase. 1 patient was in lymphatic blast crisis. The patients were pretreated with busulfan (n = 15, total dose: 100-1000 mg, median: 225), mitobromitol (1 pat.), hydroxyurea (2 pats.), pre-irradiation of the spleen with 800 rad (1 pat.) and one patient had received 3 cycles of vincristin and prednisolone. The conditioning regimen consisted of cyclophosphamide (120 mg/kg) and total body irradiation (1000 rad, lung 800 rad). The prophylaxis against graft versus host disease (GVH-D) consisted of methotrexate (MTX) in 14 patients and of MTX in combination with cyclosporin-A in 2. At present (January 15th 1987) 9 patients survive 30 to 1210 days (median 1009) post graft (6/11 grafted in chronic, 2 of 4 in accelerated phase and 1/1 grafted in blast crisis. The causes of death were interstitial pneumonitis (CMV-associated, 2 pats.), venoocclusive disease of the liver (2 pats.), acute GVH-D and septicemia (2 pat.) and relapse (1 pat.). The Karnovsky score of 8/9 survivors is 100%, one patient has a score of 70% due to chronic GVH-D. Bone marrow transplantation for CML bears a high risk of early mortality but offers the unique option of permanent eradication of leukaemic haemopoiesis with subsequent long term survival.