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Related Concept Videos

Redox Reactions01:24

Redox Reactions

57.9K
Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
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Redox Reactions01:27

Redox Reactions

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Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
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Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
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Redox Titration: Other Oxidizing and Reducing Agents01:26

Redox Titration: Other Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

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Besides iodine, other oxidizing or reducing agents can serve as titrants in redox titrations. Common oxidizing titrants include KMnO4, cerium(IV), and K2Cr2O7. The choice of oxidizing titrants depends on factors like stability, cost, analyte strength, and reaction rate between the analyte and titrant. KMnO4 is a strong oxidizing titrant that reduces from Mn(VII) to Mn(II) in a highly acidic solution, simultaneously oxidizing the analyte to a higher oxidation state. In this case, KMnO4 acts as a...
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Redox Equilibria: Overview01:23

Redox Equilibria: Overview

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A reduction-oxidation reaction is commonly called a redox reaction. In a redox reaction, electrons are transferred from one species to another rather than being shared between or among atoms. The reducing agent or reductant is the species that loses electrons and gets oxidized in the process. The species that gains electrons and gets reduced in the process is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Redox reactions are represented as two separate equations called half-reactions, where one equation...
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Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

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Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
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Preparation, Purification, and Characterization of Lanthanide Complexes for Use as Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Lanthanoid Complexes as Molecular Materials: The Redox Approach.

Moya A Hay1, Colette Boskovic1

  • 1School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|September 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This review explores redox-activity in molecular materials, focusing on lanthanoid complexes. Harnessing both ligand and metal redox states unlocks novel electronic structures and tunable properties for advanced applications.

Keywords:
lanthanoidluminescencemolecular magnetismredox-activevalence tautomerism

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Materials Science
  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Redox Chemistry

Background:

  • Molecular materials with novel functionality are key for technological innovation.
  • Switchable molecules with redox-active components offer potential for electronic manipulation.
  • Lanthanoid complexes are valuable for magnetic, luminescent, and catalytic applications, with properties tunable via ligand redox states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To survey ligand- and lanthanoid-centered redox activity in molecular systems.
  • To explore the tuning of lanthanoid magnetic and photophysical properties through redox state modulation.
  • To highlight the potential of combining redox activity at both ligand and metal centers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on molecular systems with redox-active ligands and lanthanoids.
  • Analysis of how modulated redox states affect lanthanoid magnetic and photophysical properties.
  • Examination of systems exhibiting combined ligand and metal redox activity.

Main Results:

  • Lanthanoid redox activity is possible in divalent and tetravalent states, expanding beyond the common trivalent state.
  • Modulating ligand redox states can tune the magnetic and photophysical properties of lanthanoid complexes.
  • Combined redox activity in ligands and metal centers leads to novel electronic structures and properties.

Conclusions:

  • The utilization of redox-active lanthanoid metals offers significant potential for advancing molecular materials.
  • Combining ligand and metal redox activity can create multiconfigurational electronic states and valence tautomerism.
  • Further research into these systems is warranted for fundamental understanding and developing new molecular materials.